Intangiriro
Gukaraba ni bito ariko byingenzi muri sisitemu yo gufunga imashini. Hafi ya buri kintu gifatanye cyangwa cyasunitswe, abamesa bafite uruhare runini mugutezimbere imikorere, umutekano, hamwe nigihe kirekire - igihe kirekire. Nubwo akenshi birengagizwa ugereranije na bolts nimbuto, abamesa bashinzwe gukwirakwiza imizigo iringaniye, kwirinda kwangirika kwubutaka, kugabanya irekurwa ryatewe no kunyeganyega, no kuzamura umutekano rusange winteko zubukanishi.
Mu nganda zikora inganda, sisitemu yo kwizirika ihora ihura nimbaraga zingufu, kunyeganyega, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe n’imiti. Hatabayeho gukaraba, ibi bintu birashobora kuganisha vuba kugabana imizigo itaringanijwe, kwangirika kwinsanganyamatsiko, guhindura ibintu, no kunanirwa imburagihe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abamesa bakoreshwa cyane mu nganda nk'ubwubatsi, gukora amamodoka, ubwubatsi bwo mu kirere, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze, n'imashini ziremereye.
Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi byerekana imikorere yo gukaraba ni uguhitamo ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukaraba bitanga imashini zitandukanye, ubushyuhe, nubumashini. Amamesa amwe yagenewe imbaraga zo hejuru - imbaraga zikoreshwa muburyo bwubaka, mugihe izindi zibanda kubirwanya ruswa, kubika amashanyarazi, cyangwa kunyeganyega. Guhitamo ibikoresho byogejwe neza birashobora kunoza cyane sisitemu yo kwizerwa, kwagura ibikoresho igihe cyose, no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukaraba hamwe nibikorwa byabo byinganda. Irasobanura uburyo abamesa bakora, bagashakisha ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu, bagasesengura imikorere, bakanaganira uburyo abamesa bakoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Hanyuma, itanga ubuyobozi bufatika bwo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukaraba bikenewe kubushakashatsi bwihariye.
Gusobanukirwa Abamesa ninshingano zabo
Abamesa ni iki?
Gukaraba ni binini, disiki - igizwe nubukanishi bukoreshwa hamwe na bolts, nuts, na screw. Mubisanzwe bishyirwa hagati yumutwe wihuta hamwe nubuso bwibintu byahujwe. Nuburyo bugaragara bworoshye, abamesa bakora imirimo myinshi yubuhanga.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi busanzwe bwo gukaraba, harimo:
Gukaraba neza
• Abamesa isoko
Funga abamesa
• Gufunga ibikoresho
Gukaraba
Buri bwoko bwagenewe intego yihariye yubukanishi, ariko abamesa bose basangiye intego yo kunoza imikorere yihuta no kurinda ibikoresho bifitanye isano.
Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, abamesa ni ngombwa kuko bifasha kwemeza ko imbaraga zo gufatanya zigabanywa ku buso aho kwibanda ku kintu kimwe. Ibi bigabanya guhangayika kandi bikarinda kwangirika kubikoresho byoroshye nka aluminium, ibiti, cyangwa ubuso bwuzuye.
Imikorere yingenzi yo gukaraba mubikorwa byinganda
Abamesa bakora imirimo myinshi ikomeye muri sisitemu yubukanishi.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'umutwaro
Imwe mumikorere yibanze yo gukaraba ni ugukwirakwiza umutwaro wihuta hejuru yubuso bunini. Hatabayeho gukaraba, umuvuduko ukomoka kumutwe wa bolt cyangwa nut nut washoboraga kwibanda mukarere gato, bikongera ibyago byo guhinduka cyangwa guturika.
Kurinda Ubuso
Gukaraba birinda ubuso ibyangiritse biterwa no gukaza umurego, guterana amagambo, no kuzunguruka. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mugihe ukorana nibikoresho byoroshye cyangwa bisize.
Kurwanya Kuzunguruka
Mubidukikije hamwe no kunyeganyega guhoraho, abamesa bafasha kugabanya irekurwa ryiziritse mugukomeza umuvuduko uhoraho no kuzamura ituze hamwe.
Umwanya no Guhuza
Gukaraba akenshi bikoreshwa muguhindura intera hagati yibigize cyangwa kwemeza guhuza neza mubiterane byubukanishi.
Igikorwa cyo gushiraho ikimenyetso
Mubisabwa bimwe, reber cyangwa fibre yoza ikoreshwa mugukora kashe irinda kumeneka kwamazi cyangwa gaze.
Ubwoko bwa Stress Gukaraba Ifasha Gucunga
Gukaraba byashizweho kugirango bikemure ubwoko butandukanye bwikibazo:
Guhangayika
Bibaho iyo imbaraga zikurura ibice bifatanye. Abamesa bafasha gukwirakwiza uyu mutwaro neza.
Intama
Bibaho iyo imbaraga zinyerera ibikoresho. Abamesa batezimbere hamwe mugihe cyogosha.
Kunyeganyega hamwe n'imizigo idasanzwe
Imashini zinganda akenshi zitanga guhindagurika. Gukaraba bigabanya ibyago byo kugabanuka no kunanirwa.
Kwagura Ubushyuhe
Guhindura ubushyuhe birashobora gutera ibikoresho kwaguka no gusezerana. Abamesa bafasha kubungabunga umutekano mugihe cyamagare yubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukaraba bikoreshwa mu nganda
Gukaraba
Gukaraba ibyuma biri mubwoko bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda bitewe nimbaraga zabo kandi bihendutse.
Amashanyarazi
Gukaraba ibyuma bya karubone bitanga imbaraga nigihe kirekire ku giciro gito. Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwububiko nubukanishi aho kwangirika atari ikibazo kinini cyangwa aho hashyizweho ibikingira.
Amashanyarazi
Kunoza kurwanya ruswa, gukaraba ibyuma akenshi bisizwe hamwe na:
Isahani
• Ashyushye - dip galvanisation
• Fosifate
Iyi myenda yongerera cyane ubuzima bwa serivisi, cyane cyane hanze cyangwa ahantu hatuje.
Porogaramu
Gukaraba ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane muri:
• Imishinga yo kubaka
Imashini ziremereye
• Amateraniro yimodoka
• Ibikoresho byo mu nganda
Guhuza imbaraga no gukora neza bituma bahitamo bisanzwe mubikorwa byinshi.
Amashanyarazi
Gukaraba ibyuma bitagira umwanda bihabwa agaciro cyane kubera kurwanya ruswa no kuramba.
Impamyabumenyi y'icyuma
Amanota asanzwe arimo:
• 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda: rusange - intego yo kurwanya ruswa
• 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda: byongerewe imbaraga zo kurwanya ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima
Ibyiza
• Kurwanya cyane ingese na okiside
• Birebire - igihe kirekire
• Birakwiriye ibidukikije bikaze
• Ibisabwa byibuze byo kubungabunga
Porogaramu
Gukaraba ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa muri:
Ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja
• Ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiryo
• Ibimera
• Kubaka hanze
• Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
Zifite akamaro cyane cyane mubidukikije aho usanga akenshi guhura nubushuhe, umunyu, cyangwa imiti.
Gukaraba Umuringa
Gukaraba imiringa bizwiho kurwanya ruswa no gutwara amashanyarazi.
Ibyingenzi
• Non - magnetique
• Kurwanya ruswa nziza
• Kurangiza neza neza
• Imbaraga ziciriritse
Porogaramu
Gukaraba imiringa bikunze gukoreshwa muri:
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi
• Amashanyarazi
• Ibyuma byiza
• Hasi - guteranya imashini
Ibyiza
Gukaraba umuringa nibyiza kubisabwa bisaba amashanyarazi cyangwa isura nziza. Bakora kandi neza mubidukikije aho kwirinda ingese ari ngombwa.
Gukaraba Aluminium
Amamesa ya aluminiyumu yoroheje kandi yangirika - irwanya, bigatuma akoreshwa mubisabwa aho kugabanya ibiro ari ngombwa.
Ibyiza
• Ibikoresho byoroheje
• Kurwanya ruswa nziza
• Gereranya imbaraga za mashini
Porogaramu
Amamesa ya aluminiyumu akoreshwa cyane muri:
Ubwubatsi bw'indege
Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu
Imashini zoroheje
• Inteko za elegitoroniki
Ibyiza
Uburemere bwabo buke butuma biba byiza mu nganda aho kugabanya sisitemu rusange ari ngombwa.
Nylon na Plastike
Non - ibikoresho byogejwe bikozwe muri nylon, PTFE, cyangwa plastiki bitanga ibyiza byihariye.
Ibyingenzi
• Gukoresha amashanyarazi
Kurwanya imiti
• Igishushanyo cyoroshye
• Imyitwarire idahwitse -
Porogaramu
• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
Sisitemu yo gutunganya imiti
• Inteko zoroheje zikorana
• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
Ibyiza
Amamesa ya Nylon afite agaciro cyane aho hasabwa amashanyarazi cyangwa kurwanya imiti. Bafasha kandi gukumira ruswa ya galvanike hagati yicyuma kidasa.
Rubber na Fibre
Gukaraba ka reberi na fibre bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugushiraho ikimenyetso no kunyeganyega.
Ibyiza
• Ubworoherane buhebuje
• Ubushobozi bwo gufunga cyane
• Kwinjira cyane
• Kurwanya amazi n'umwuka
Porogaramu
Sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi
Sisitemu yo gufunga ibinyabiziga
• Ibikoresho bya HVAC
Sisitemu ya Hydraulic
Ibyiza
Ibyo byoza nibyiza mukurinda kumeneka no kugabanya urusaku cyangwa kunyeganyega muri sisitemu ya mashini.
Ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe nibikorwa
Umutwaro - Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira
Ibikoresho byo gukaraba bitandukanye bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwimbaraga. Gukaraba ibyuma bitanga umutwaro uremereye - ubushobozi bwo gutwara, mugihe wogeje plastike ubereye urumuri - gusaba.
Umubyimba no gukomera nabyo bigira ingaruka kumikorere. Gukaraba neza muri rusange bitanga umutwaro mwiza.
Kurwanya ruswa
Kurwanya ruswa nikintu gikomeye muguhitamo ibikoresho.
Hejuru - Ibidukikije
Ibidukikije byo mu nyanja
• Ibimera
• Ibikorwa remezo byo hanze
Ibyuma bidafite umwanda, umuringa, hamwe nicyuma gikaranze bikoreshwa muri ibi bihe.
Kurwanya Ubushyuhe
Ibidukikije byinganda birashobora kwerekana abamesa ubushyuhe bukabije.
Gukaraba ibyuma bikora neza munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi
Gukaraba Nylon birashobora guhinduka munsi yubushyuhe
• Ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mugutuza ubushyuhe
Amashanyarazi Amashanyarazi vs Imikorere
Porogaramu zitandukanye zisaba ibintu bitandukanye byamashanyarazi.
Gukaraba imiringa bitanga uburyo bwiza
• Nylon hamwe nuwamesa plastike bitanga insulation
Guhitamo umutungo ukwiye nibyingenzi mumutekano muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
Kwambara Kurwanya no Kuramba
Abamesa bagomba kwihanganira igihe kirekire - ijambo ryimashini.
Gukaraba ibyuma mubisanzwe bitanga imbaraga zo kwambara, mugihe ibikoresho byoroshye nka reberi nibyiza kubikorwa byo gufunga no kugabanya.
Inganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gukaraba
Ubwubatsi n'ibikorwa Remezo
Gukaraba bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma nibikoresho byubaka.
Imikorere
Gukwirakwiza imizigo
• Kurwanya kunyeganyega
• Iterambere ryimiterere
Gukaraba ibyuma kandi bidafite ingese bikunze gukoreshwa muruganda.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Urwego rwimodoka rushingira cyane kumeseri kugirango igenzure ihindagurika hamwe no guhuriza hamwe.
Porogaramu
• Inteko za moteri
Sisitemu yo guhagarika
Sisitemu ya feri
Gukaraba reberi nicyuma bikoreshwa mugucunga ibinyeganyega no guhangayika.
Ikirere n'Indege
Sisitemu yo mu kirere isaba ibintu byoroheje kandi birebire - byoza.
Ibisabwa
• Imbaraga nyinshi - kugeza - igipimo cyibiro
Kurwanya ruswa
• Guhagarara k'ubushyuhe
Gukaraba ibyuma bya aluminiyumu kandi bidafite ingese bikunze gukoreshwa mu nteko zindege.
Imashini ninganda
Abamesa bafite uruhare runini mubikoresho bitanga inganda.
Gukoresha
Sisitemu yo guterana
Imashini za robo
Sisitemu ya convoyeur
Gukaraba ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane kubera imbaraga nigihe kirekire.
Inganda z'amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi isaba gukaraba kugirango ikingire imiyoboro migufi kandi irinde umutekano.
Porogaramu
• Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko
• Amashanyarazi
• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye
Gukaraba Nylon na plastike bikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu.
Urwego rwa peteroli, gaze, ningufu
Inganda zingufu zikora mubihe bibi bidukikije.
Porogaramu
• Ibibuga byo hanze
Sisitemu y'imiyoboro
• Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi
Gukaraba ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikundwa kubera kwihanganira kwangirika no kuramba.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho byogejwe
Guhuza Ibikoresho n'ibidukikije
Ibidukikije ni kimwe mubintu byingenzi muguhitamo gukaraba.
• Kuma ahantu h'imbere: gukaraba ibyuma
• Ibidukikije byo mu nyanja: koza ibyuma
• Amashanyarazi: koza plastike
Umutwaro n'ibisabwa
Porogaramu - yimitwaro isaba gukaraba ibyuma bikomeye, mugihe urumuri - rushobora gukoreshwa rushobora gukoresha plastike cyangwa reberi.
Guhuza na Bolts na Nuts
Guhuza ibikoresho nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa galvanic mugihe ibyuma bidasa bikoreshwa hamwe.
Inganda zinganda nimpamyabumenyi
Ibipimo rusange birimo:
• Ibisobanuro bya ASTM
• Ibipimo bya ISO
• DIN ibipimo
Ibi byemeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano bihoraho mubikorwa byinganda.
Igiciro vs Ubucuruzi Imikorere - off
Mugihe ibyuma byogejwe byigiciro - bikora neza, ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye birashobora gutanga agaciro keza - igihe cyagenwe kubera kugabanuka kubuzima no kuramba.
Umwanzuro
Gukaraba nibintu byingenzi muri sisitemu yo gufunga inganda, bitanga imirimo ikomeye nko gukwirakwiza imizigo, kurinda ubuso, kugabanya kunyeganyega, no gushyigikira guhuza. Nubwo ari ntoya mubunini, abamesa bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa, umutekano, no kuramba kwiteraniro ryimashini.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukaraba bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe. Gukaraba ibyuma bitanga imbaraga nuburyo bukoreshwa neza, ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, abamesa imiringa batanga amashanyarazi, abamesa aluminium bagabanya ibiro, kandi nylon cyangwa reberi itanga insulasiyo hamwe no kunyeganyega.
Hirya no hino mu nganda nk'ubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga, icyogajuru, inganda, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, n'umusaruro w'ingufu, abamesa bafite uruhare runini mu guhuza imashini zizewe kandi zifite umutekano. Guhitamo ibikoresho neza ningirakamaro mugutezimbere imikorere no gukumira kunanirwa imburagihe.
Kurangiza, guhitamo igikarabiro gikwiye kuri buri porogaramu itezimbere ibikoresho byubuzima, byongera imikorere, bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, kandi bigatanga igihe kirekire - umutekano w’inganda kandi wizewe.
